HIGHLIGHTS

This study analyzes IPV’s impact on women’s employment in thirty developing countries.

The analysis uses IPUMS-DHS data (2003–18) and IV models.

Probit models show all IPV types increase women’s labor force participation.

Multinomial models show positive association between IPV and employment.

IV Probit models: severe IPV increases, others decrease women’s employment.

There is no evidence that women use their bargaining power to raise voluntary retirement saving among couples in Australia.

Couples do not tend to allocate savings between partners to maximize tax advantages.

Retirement saving via superannuation is shaped more by individual employment and tax situations, not household decisions.

Policies using household means-testing create gender inequality in retirement.

Pre-marital employment is positively linked to acceptance of violence in rural areas in Pakistan.

Education and household wealth reduce tolerance of violence.

No correlation between employment and violence acceptance in urban areas.

Employment policies should include measures to lower rural violence tolerance.

Economists often define debt as a financial obligation in the monetized economy.

Feminist ecological economics foregrounds invisible forms of debt from below.

Invisible ecological, colonial, and reproductive debts invert creditor-debtor relations.

Making invisible debts visible supports reparations and debt cancellation claims.

This enables alliances across feminist, decolonial, and climate movements.