HIGHLIGHTS

GSAPI assesses multidimensional poverty using agency-poverty indicators among Turkish women.

This study highlights non-economic aspects of women’s poverty.

Data show high poverty despite economic access, suggesting deeper issues, especially in agency and violence.

GSAPI guides policy by illustrating poverty’s varied impact on women.

The study suggests that GSAPI can aid effective poverty reduction efforts.

This study empirically links military spending, gender inequality, and growth.

Military expenditure affects economic growth through multiple channels.

The study examines evidence from eighty countries using SEM and SUR estimators.

Higher military burdens are associated with greater gender inequality.

Reducing gender inequality may mitigate the growth costs of militarization.

Malawi’s universal primary education reform generated significant gains in women’s schooling.

Each additional year of schooling improved multiple empowerment outcomes for women.

Education delayed cohabitation and increased contraceptive use.

Schooling reduced domestic violence and strengthened household bargaining.

Investments in girls’ education promote gender equality and the development of just societies.

In Uruguay, mothers experience a 26–32 percent household income loss after couple separation.

Separated mothers increase market work but spend fewer hours on household tasks.

Gender egalitarian attitudes predict separation; separation barely changes them.

Separation does not affect empowerment but worsens family satisfaction.

Policy should extend beyond child support to promote women’s broad well-being.

Men’s views on housework shape labor participation, contracts, and wages in Chile.

Egalitarian housework attitudes link to formal jobs and higher pay for men.

Support for men’s childcare links to fewer full-time and permanent jobs.

Women’s labor outcomes show little response to beliefs about men’s roles.

Flexible work schedules and parental leave are needed to align attitudes and behavior.

The study adapts the Relative Autonomy Index for urban middle-class women in India.

It adds lifestyle and family norms to measure autonomy beyond income and assets.

The validated index links women’s autonomy to psychological and subjective well-being.

Education, age at marriage, and occupation increase women’s relative autonomy.

The study calls for more nuanced measures of women’s agency within interpersonal dynamics.

COVID-19 lockdowns increased childcare demands, reducing women’s paid work in South Africa.

Co-resident children cut women’s hours, not men’s, widening the gender gap in unpaid work.

Women left jobs for full-time care, while men retained employment.

Working from home does not equate to flexible work without subsidized childcare policies.